Community Violence And How It Affects School Aged Children

While reviewing the various Human Rights that have been designated by the United Nations for safeguarding the children in the world, there appeared to be a strong correlation with some articles and the research topic that my group has proposed. My group has suggested for a topic examining community violence and how it affects school aged children. This topic will attempt to show a correlation how violence that takes place in urban environments can have an adverse effect on children and their learning patterns causing a decline in education. The three articles that address this topic of rights of children are; article 19, article 29, and article 39. Article 19 states that â€Å"parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury, or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child (Reichert, 2006).† Children who live in low socioeconomic neighborhoods frequently are at a greater risk for violence or become witnesses to violence causing emotional and physical trauma. The second article is article 29 which states; â€Å"state parties agree that the education of the child shall be directed to: The development of the child’s personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential (Reichert, 2006).†Show MoreRelatedScope Of Community Violence Among Children1502 Words   |  7 PagesScope of Community Violence among children in the United States Community violence refers to a wide variety of events such as: terrorism, riots, gang wars, mass shootings, bombings, drive-by shootings, murders, kidnappings, drug dealing, robberies, domestic violence, abuse, harassments, and others (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, Kracke, 2009; Hamlen Goguen, 2016). Every country in the world experiences some violence. However, the United States has been described as the â€Å"most violent countryRead MoreBecoming A Social Worker, Values, Beliefs, And Theory Of Practice782 Words   |  4 Pagessocial worker. As social worker practitioner the fields that interest me to work in is domestic violence and child abuse because I want to make change to the society. Also Mahatma Gandhi was my major inspiration through this quote â€Å"Be the change that you wish to see in the world†. Than an idea came to me, why not involve my contribution to the wide variety of communities. My communication with school counsellors and social workers has imp acted my choice of desiring to study social work. I realisedRead MoreEffects Of Youth Violence781 Words   |  4 Pagesissues which affect the population, youth violence is one of many issues. Youth violence is a behavior in which serious consequences and is now one of the primary public health issues of our period. Youth violence has affected not just the offenders but also their families and the community. Absence of positive role models, violence in families, victims due to violence, poverty and living in a community where crime is committed all contribute to youth violence. Youth Violence Youth violence refersRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreSocioeconomic Factors Contributing to Crime and Violence in Jamaica1729 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem with crime and violence. For years there have been numerous attempts, through policy and legislation, to reduce the level of crime in Jamaica. Based on international statistics, this is a country that has suffered from a high crime rate for years, being near the top of internatio nal homicide rate lists since the 1970’s (Gilbert amp; Sookram, 2009). In this paper an attempt will be made to provide some level of insight into the possible contributing factors to violence in Jamaica. The factorsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesacross the world at lightning speed. With all the great things social media offers, it also presents undesirable characteristics that seem to negatively influence people, and more specifically young children, to the point where many have ultimately rejected the idea of joining the online social community. Social media has also provided people, who intend to use the service only to do harm, the ability to reach victims across the world. Additionally, social media has exposed the young generation toRead MoreHow Domestic Violence Affects Children As Well As The Mental Health Of Its Victims1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhitney M. Young Jr School of Social Work LaShoney Frink Review of Literature The purpose of this literature is to deliver an extensive overview of the research topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. The goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature reviewRead Moreforce have contributed to a dramatic shift in family eating habits. The traditional family dinner900 Words   |  4 Pagesresulted in a growing number of latch-key children. Often these children are responsible for providing snacks and dinner for themselves and their younger siblings. Compounding the problems associated with latch key children, parents’ perceptions of safe neighborhoods also contribute to increases in childhood obesity. Our local community lacks organized opportunities for safe, recreational activities; therefore, in the absence of adu lt caregivers, many latch-key children are instructed to remain inside theRead MoreVideo Game : Video Games1584 Words   |  7 Pagesplayed by boys and girls, young and old alike in today’s society. Many experts fear that this violence in video games increases violence in people in real life, causing people to act out as if they were in the video game, increasing aggressive behavior so much that it could actually escalate to shooting, stabbing, and killing people. There have already been many cases of these extreme examples of violence in the news that share a connection with video games. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the infamousRead MoreThe Cost Of Domestic Violence1662 Words   |  7 PagesCenteria Cooley Sociology 101 Professor Nelms 20 November 2015 The Cost of Domestic Violence in America â€Å"Just because the scare have healed, doesn’t mean the pain has.† –healthyplace.com Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior used to exhibit control over another person through fear and intimidation by threat, force, or use of violence in intimate relationships. This issue has been an overlooked problem in American society for ages however as it becomes mainstream time and time again and the

Evolution of Guy Montag - 1238 Words

Evolution of Guy Montag The novel Fahrenheit 451 is an acclaimed depiction of a dystopian world that employs firemen to destroy literature and the printed word. The protagonist, Guy Montag, faces internal as well as external conflicts during the novel. His character is constantly evolving throughout the course of the text. Fahrenheit 451 is essentially a bildungsroman due to the fact that the protagonist is so dynamic in character and continually changing. A bildungsroman is a novel in which the moral and psychological growth of the protagonist is depicted from the genesis to the denouement of the given work. At the onset of the novel Montag is a rule following conformist. He obeys the rules and regulations provided by his†¦show more content†¦The first hints of his rebellion surface when he hides books in his home. His wife completely disagrees with this and fears that he will get them killed. Though he is put in danger by his actions he is steadfast in his search for the truth. Once he begins to question the authorities he becomes even more determined to alter his ways so that he can be a source of positive change for others who are willing to join him. As Montag is becoming more and more rebellious, he finds a confidant in Faber. Faber was once a college professor but lost his job when things started to change and books were burned. Though he is somewhat of a coward who does not want to rebel due to the fact that he does no t want to face the consequences, he is a big help to Montag as he evolves. Montag is forced to burn his own house down and it seems as if all is coming to an end. At Hutchinson this point, he has lost his friend, his job, his relationship with his spouse, and his house. Despite all of these things, he continues on. He reaches the climax of his change from a brain washed conformist to a justice seeking citizen when he seeks revenge on his fellow firefighters, mainly his captain Beatty. Montag kills Captain Beatty and the city goes up in flames, though not by his hand. He seeks refuge with some squatters in the woods on the outskirts of the city who discovered their rebellious side just as Montag had. The novel ends with MontagShow MoreRelatedCharacterization Of A Hero In Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511272 Words   |  6 Pages451† stating that â€Å"Montag begins the novel ostensibly proud of his profession and settled in life, but we soon find that there is disquiet beneath the surface† (897). Throughout the continuation of the story, Guy Montag is the main character who ultimately refuses to be controlled by the dictated environment in which he lives. At one point in the novel, Montag lets his job blind him from what he knows as right and wrong. However, with the help of his neighbor and mentor, Montag begins to think forRead MoreGuy Montag as a Hero1118 Words   |  5 PagesFrom Guy to Hero When we hear the word ‘hero’ we think about those who fight for our country out at war or those who put their lives in jeopardy everyday protecting their community like a police officer or fireman, all of these citizens doing this for a small wage in comparison to Rap artists who rhyme profane words making millions of dollars. However you don’t have to live on the streets or have more money than sense to be a hero, you just have to make a difference. In the end identifying someoneRead MoreThe Narrative Creation Of Self In Fahrenheit 4511308 Words   |  6 PagesIn Fahrenheit 451 Guy Montag is seen as the main character and the reason for this whole story because without him there would not be a story at all. However, while Montag is the central character his path is laid out for him by the other characters in the novel. These characters play the most important role in creating the feel of the story. Bradbury comments on humanitys urge to suppress what they do not understand. Clarisse McClellan appearance, actions, ideas, and relationships give importantRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesof change in a society through the eyes of Guy Montag. In the fictitious story, Guy serves as one of many firemen in the community; rather than removing the fires, they set them upon books, which had prohibited and illegalized. After a series of events that transpired in the novel, Montag would begin to recognize the intellectual censorship caused by the absence of books; beginning his crusade to reintroduce them into culture. Just like the society, Montag evolved and changed over time; leading himRead More What are some of the key ideas and messages presented in the novel,1952 Words   |  8 Pagesperspective of Bradbury’s protagonist, Guy Montag. Fahrenheit 451 was initially published in 1953; however it is set in the twenty fourth century in a conformist society, where literature is illegal. Throughout Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury conveys some very important messages and ideas. Among these are; censorship, the influence of technology, individual choice and the role of the individual in society, ruling by fear and totalitarianism, and the evolution of society. Ray Bradbury’s FahrenheitRead MoreSimilarities Between Graceling And Fahrenheit 4511584 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent publication only four years ago. The ideas established in the book are continuously relevant, revolving around the idea of governmental censorship and the oppression of opinion. During the course of the book, we can see the main protagonist, Guy Montag, realize the importance of free thought and feeling, leading him to escape the city that held thought-provoking ideas hostage in hopes of finding salvation with a group of outcasts outside the walls of control. Beyond the surface of the book, weRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511241 Words   |  5 Pagesenlightenment. The reader’s launched into a dystopian future where books are forbidden, and individualism considered as being idiotic ideology. As the novel begins, the reader’s thrown into the twenty-first century following the post-apocalyptic life of Guy Montag. Montag’s pre sented as an all American citizen; at thirty-years-old, he is a hardworking married fireman who takes pride in his work. However, not by any means is the definition of firemen the same as it is in today’s culture. The actual natureRead More The Metamorphosis of Guy Montag Essay2120 Words   |  9 Pagesbooks that can be considered a classic. The adulation of this novel is due to its plethora of symbols, metaphors, and character development. Bradbury’s character development is singularly impressive in this book because he shows the evolution of the main character, Guy Montag, â€Å"from book-burner to living-book† (Johnson 111). His maturity is displayed by his growing understanding of the world in which he lives and by seeing the flaws in his society. Bradbury illustrates Montag’s metamorphosis with himRead MoreThe Metamorphosis of Guy Montag Essay2184 Words   |  9 Pagesbooks that can be considered a classic. The adulation of this novel is due to its plethora of symbols, metaphors, and character development. Bradburys character development is singularly impressive in this book because he shows the evolution of the main character, Guy Montag, from book-burner to living -book (Johnson 111). His maturity is displayed by his growing understanding of the world in which he lives and by seeing the flaws in his society. Bradbury illustrates Montags metamorphosis with himRead MoreTwo Different Prospects for the Future: Ray Bradburys and Margaret Atwood1657 Words   |  7 Pageson the ability to speak and express freely, and ironically, have themselves faced bouts of criticism and censorship. These are freedoms that Diane Wood reminds us â€Å"must be vigilantly guarded in order to be maintained† (Wood 4). As Americans, the evolution of our society has depended on those very freedoms. Through examination of these two novels, we will see how the stifling of the fundamental freedoms of discourse and individual expression, perpetuated by their governments’ desire to control and

Anthem by Ayn Rand An Overview free essay sample

Anthem Essay Anthem by Ayn Rand is a most interesting novel filled with many different emotions, but one emotion Prometheus failed to encounter until later on in life was free will. He eventually learns the true meaning of freedom and how to cope with his stern intolerable society. Even though he is reprimanded unfairly for what is the best in him, Prometheus still has faith for what he is doing is right. Also change and progression might be an unnerving thing to the world council, but that won’t stop Prometheus from saving what’s left of his worlds past. Living and growing up in such a collectivist society, Prometheus never knew what it meant to truly feel free. Never knowing that his whole society had been deceived and doomed to corruption was a major disadvantage for Prometheus, but through it all he followed his heart and pulled through. He came to realize that he is free in almost all ways possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthem by Ayn Rand An Overview or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Free to think, say, and feel what ever and whenever he wants. Ayn Rand writes â€Å"And we heard suddenly that we were laughing, laughing aloud, laughing as if there were no power left in us save laughter. † The theme in this quote is free will.Prometheus experiences free will after escaping to the uncharted forest, away from his unforgiving, unprogressive collectivist society. In this amazingly unique story Anthem a young man named Equality 7-2521, later known as Prometheus, has been neglected of the knowledge of his past and now lives in a never changing collectivist society in which he feels he does not belong. Being born too tall and too smart was no accident of fate, Equality I believe was born for a much bigger purpose. That purpose being to bring change to not just his small city but to the world, to bring something new into the spectrum of life.Equality believed he was cursed with having a mind much quicker than all his brothers and was reprimanded by his teachers for his actions. Rand says â€Å"It is not good to be different from out brothers, but it is evil to be superior to them. † Equality comes to learn that his transgression was really no transgression at all, but rather human nature, his way of freedom, and hos character. The one thing the world council fears the most is change and progression and this is exactly what Prometheus puts into play. All he wasn’t is to bring light to the world with his new invention, but the council fears what might happen if they let this change occur. The council can only see the bad in what he has done even though there is a profuse more amount of good in it. Fearing the suggestions of being lashed and burned until nothing was left; Prometheus runs to the uncharted forest for the council misread his good intentions as greed. Rand writes â€Å"How dare you think that your mind held greater wisdom than the minds of your brothers? † Prometheus only wants to better mankind and save it from its future corruption.Objectivism is the inimitable philosophic meaning of Ayn Rand in this novel. Metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics are the five predominant aspects to objectivism. Each and every one of these aspects was acknowledged in almost every chapter of this book. Rand writes â€Å"Man is a rational being. Reason, as man’s only means of knowledge, is his basic means of survival. † This quote is coming from the aspect of human nature and is explicating that what a man truly knows is his life and what he will come to be.As you can see Anthem is a very compelling story with ethics, reason, romance, and so much more. Prometheus now recognizes how wrong his society had been in depriving himself and his brothers of the knowledge of their past. Also Prometheus comes to conceive why the best in him had been deemed as his sins and his transgression. Though through the hard times in his society Prometheus was different he could never just simply follow the crowd, in the end his dissimilarity could be the one thing his society needs to redeem their own transgressions.

Biosphere Essay Example For Students

Biosphere Essay The biosphere is part of the earth in which life exists. It is 20 km thick fromthe bottom of the ocean to the lower atmosphere. It consists of three layers:the lithosphere, which is the land on the surface of the earth; the hydrosphere,which comprises of the water on the earth as well as water vapor in the air; andthe atmosphere, which is made up of the air that surrounds the earth. The livingorganisms in the biosphere interact and affect each other in many ways. This iscalled a biotic factor. Similarly, there are non-living elements that have aneffect on living organisms, these are considered abiotic factors. Examples ofabiotic factors are air, temperature, water, soil, light, and minerals. In abiosphere, organisms live in special groupings. For instance, a populationconsists of all individuals of a species living in a general area. A communityis a population located in a certain area living among different species. Anecosystem is yet a larger conglomeration of a population, a commu nity, andabiotic factors. Ecosystems can be aquatic or terrestrial. The earths aquaticecosystem makes up about 75% of the earths surface. This aquatic environment isdivided into marine and freshwater environments. The earths terrestrialecosystem is mainly made up of forests and deserts, which make up for 25% of theearths surface. The role or function of an organism in a community is thatorganisms niche. An organisms niche is an area picked by that organism basedon physical factors such as temperature, light, oxygen and carbon dioxidecontent and biological factors such as food, competition for resources andpredators. This niche provides the organism a place to live in. A habitatremains consistent with an organisms niche as well as provides the organismwith a place to reproduce. In this case, organisms may have the same habitat,but different niches. There are three types of relationships involving theinteractions between organisms. They are mutualism, commensalism, andparasitism. Mutu alism is a relationship where both organisms benefit from theirinteraction with each other. An example is the honey bee and a flowering plant. Commensalism only benefits one organism, but the other organism is not affected. Parasitism only benefits one organism and harms the other organism, which mostof the time is the host. In the ecosystem, matter and nutrients are cycled viabiogeochemical cycles such as water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and phosphorous. The burning of fossil fuels contributes to the industrial cycle of carbondioxide in the atmosphere. This contributes to the greenhouse effect, which hasbeen a reason for global warming. Nitrogen is found in the atmosphere and makesup about 78% of the earths air mixture. Oxygen makes up about 22% of theearths air mixture, and pollutants make up about 1% of the earths air mixture. Nitrogen is important in the development of organisms on earth, as the makecompounds such as proteins and amino acid. These compounds are important becausethey make up DNA and other compounds crucial to the formation and sustenance oflife. Changes in an ecosystem are brought about by different factors. Forexample, ecological succession brings about the replacement of one community byanother in an ecosystem. In other instances, organisms that colonize an areawith no community present are considered pioneer organisms. A climax communityis the final stage of development of organisms and can be disrupted by a majorcatastrophe like a volcanic eruption.

Music 6 Essay Example

Music 6 Paper Wagner had an opera house built specifically for the performance of his own pears in the German town of .. Bayreuth Which pair are operatic compositions by Wagner? Tannhauser and The Ring In Music, the early twentieth century was a time of Revolt and Change All of the following composers worked in the early years of the twentieth century EXCEPT Hector Berlioz The glissando, a technique widely used in the twentieth century is A rapid slide up or down a scale The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris in 1913 at the first performance of Stravinskys Rite of Spring Of the following, who was not a major influence on the breakdown of realism in the early 20th century? Copland A fourth chord is A chord in which the tones are a fourth apart, instead of a third. Striking a group of adjacent keys on a piano with the fist or forearm with result in a Tone cluster When two different triads such as that built on E and that built on A, are played at the same time, the technique is known as A polychord Rhythm in music of the 20th century tends to be either very asymmetrical or very symmetrical. Ostinato A scale made up of just the black keys within the octave on the piano keyboard is called a . scale Pentatonic Impressionism in music is characterized by a stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity The most impressionist composer was Claude Debussy Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements originated in .. France Of the following, who was known as a creator of orchestral versions of his own and others great piano works? Ravel The immense success of Stravinskys 1910 ballet the first original work he composed for Diaghilevs Ballet Russe, established him as a leading young composer The Firebird After studying law at the University of St. Petersburg, Stravinsky at the age of twenty one began to study composition privately with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Expressionism is an art concerned with Social protest and nightmarish states of mind Schoenbergs personality inspired love and loyalty among his students, including Alban Berg and Anton Webern Some of Bergs pieces call for an unusual style of vocal performance halfway between speaking and singing called Sprechstimme The ordering of twelve chromatic tones in a twelve-tone composition is called All of the above In the opera Wozzeck, the title character is Soldier Wozzeck drowns while searching for a Knife

buy custom African Americans in the United States

buy custom African Americans in the United States Racism in America Introduction The United States of America is the most powerful modern democratic republic in the world. It has its own ideology based on the principles of liberty, individualism, egalitarianism, and laissez-faire. As it is declared in the US Constitution, each person is equal before God and human law. Therefore, the United States is a country of equal opportunities for each citizen, irrespective of his or her ethnicity, religion, race, or gender. Nowadays, it is called as the observation of human rights in the civil society of the democratic country. At the same time, the American people are a nation of immigrants from the whole world. The former British colony was settled by persons from the UK and other European countries from the outset of colonization in the 17th century. As a rule, they were Christians but had different languages, customs, and traditions. However, colonists were united by a dream to have a plot of land for a future wealthy life in the New World. American exceptionalism, slav ery, and authoritarian regime were the main reasons for emerging racial problems in the United States. Nowadays, racial segregation still exists in America, turning into a specific policy of color-blind racism. In order to reveal this problem, it is necessary to consider racism in America from the very beginning of its emergence.

Curriculum Trends Paper [Education] Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Curriculum Trends Paper [Education] - Essay Example Consequently, the academia across the world, especially the educational curriculum needs to undergo far-reaching transformation so that our children can effectively meet the needs of the changing times. The compulsions of the present times require versatility in the work ideology and functioning, thus making it imperative that new skills and strategic paradigms are evolved to meet the emerging challenges with efficiency and unmatched proficiency. The process of globalization and advancing technology which has brought about huge plethora of issues, need to be incorporated in the curricula. Education serves as the most effective platform to introduce changes within the social fabric of countries across the world. The graph shows the two years comparative of completion and persistence of post secondary students (graph 1, appendix) UNESCO has observed that â€Å"the diversity, complexity, and changing nature of basic learning needs of children, youth and adults necessitate broadening and constantly redefining the scope of basic education† (UNESCO, 1995). Four major factors have been identified that have major impact on the society and the incorporation of strategic flexibility i n the curricula is expected to facilitate the wide ranging ramifications of these factors. In the next ten years, the curriculum is expected to incorporate the following changes within its strategic goals and objectives. Globalization has brought together people from different cultures, religion, nation and races. The need to evolve common values and collective goals for societies so that people from diverse fields comprising different race, religion, color and culture may coexist in relative harmony and mutual cooperation has become imperative. The table indicates gender wise ethnic diversity in United State (table 1, appendix). Huntington reflects that â€Å"the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural†(Huntington, 1993). Some of the negative

Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human Essay

Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience - Essay Example In summer 2009, my boyfriend physically abused me, and he injured me to an extent that I could not converse without breathing breaks. A physical therapist helped me recover from my condition, and I was able to learn the basic things that keep a person in good health. It was a challenging moment for me, and recovering was more of a miracle. From my experience, I have gained a desire to help people who are in similar conditions regain their movement. Once given the opportunity to study this course, I will work hard to gain the best knowledge to assist people. My inbuilt desire to perfect in physical therapy techniques will drive me into doing extensive research, which will be crucial in achievement of the APTA mission. After I am qualified as a physical therapist, I will research and develop better techniques, which will promote movement. In my career, I will be focused on restoration of function reduction of pain and prevention of disability, which are the core roles of physical therapists. Since I have experienced the feeling of disability, I will assist people to prevent loss of mobility through techniques such as devilment of wellness, fitness oriented health and active lifestyle programs. I will be flexible to work in different workplaces such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, schools, sports, and fitness facilities, nursing homes, private practices, home health agencies and even in work settings. My flexibility to work in many areas will be beneficial to the society and will help in optimizing movement and improve the human experience I am very eager to maximum utilize the opportunity to study physical therapy so that I can gain more understanding on easing movement for people, and helping them recover from pain. In future, I also intend to join a master’s program in public health so that I can have a rigid educational background to actualize the vision of the APTA (APTA, 2014). Elevating my

Argumentative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argumentative - Essay Example Biblical Christianity, on the other hand, is a worldview that attributes our ethics and morals to a universal standard of right and wrong that is not subject to change over time (Beach 54). In this way, these two opposing worldviews have two opposing positions on the nature of ethics and morality. One holds that morality is relative – the other holds that morality is not relative. They could not be in greater opposition. We can see the ways in which this worldviews and their ideas about ethics/morality shape the culture we live by looking at our past and comparing it with our present. Once this is done, it will be seen that our culture must return to religion if we are to maintain the happy and healthy lifestyle we claim to desire. Our culture, if you think about it, has been digressing for quite some time, and recently the problem has become more serious from an ethical standpoint. God is being removed from nearly every aspect of life and being replaced with other belief systems, such as humanism or naturalism. The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence were written by men who believed in God, men who thought prayer was important, that life was sacred, and that many of our current-day controversial practices, such as homosexuality and abortion, were biblically and morally reprehensible. The reality that a few of our Founding Fathers were deists, rather than theists, does not change the fact that these documents were written by and for a generally theistic people. According to John Adams, "Our Constitution was made for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other" (Beach 59).   Today, however, popular culture has forgotten that our nation was founded, in larg e part, on Christian principles, and that the Constitution was written for a "moral and religious people." We are, of

Leadership theories and organizational culture

Leadership theories and organizational culture The topics of leadership and organizational culture have attracted considerable interest from both academics and practitioners. In modern World Leadership is taken as the most influencing factor of an Organization. Leaders are those people who make the organization move through definite path towards the success. As the other topics in the field of Organizational Environment, there are numerous numbers of studies and very relative theories on Leadership. The established study of Leadership includes. Trait Theory Group and Exchange Theory Contingency Theory Path-Goal P1. Leadership Theories and models Trait Theory This theory is all about the traits present in a person. The main objective is to recognize those traits which can produce a good leader. As per the ancient scholars The leaders are born not made. A theory called The Great Person Theory gave the right way to more realistic to the trait approach. This says that these traits are not totally in born but a mixture of nature and nurture means that the factors like Physiology, Society, and Economics have a great impact on the trait of a person which can make him a great leader. Group and Exchange Theory These theories have its root in social psychology. It says the leaders must have followers. And they must have some positive exchange between them i.e. Benefits, Rewards and Costs. A recent study indicates that the leader and followers both affect each other in a great impact. Relevant to the Exchange view an approach are there, Leader-Member Exchange approach is in discussion, these says that Leader treats subordinate differently. In precise the both develop a dynamic relationship which affects the behavior of the both. Contingency Theory This can be treated as the extension of the trait theory which deals with the situational aspect of leadership. Numerous situational variables were identified but no solid theory could be formulated. Fred Feeler test the hypothesis, he had formulated from the previous data findings. He develops a contingency model of leadership effectiveness. This contains the relationship between Leadership style and Favorableness of the situation. There are some dimensions: The Leader Member relationship. The degree of the task structure. The Leaders position and power. Source: www.scribd.com As per this theory the trainers is taught to diagnosis the situation to change it at optimization leadership style which match the situation. Some of the ways are as follows: Spending more informal time with the follower. Discuss task structure with them. Raise the position power Path Goal Theory This theory has been derived from the motivational theory. The path goal theory attempts to explain the impact of the leader behavior has on subordinate motivation, satisfaction and performance. These are of four major types. Directive Leadership Participative Leadership Achievement oriented Leadership Using these for types on the situational factor the leader attempt to influence subordinates perception and motivation. In other word the leader attempts to make the path to the goal for the subordinate as smooth AS possible. But the leader must depend on the situational variables present. We were been discussing the traditional theories there are some other theories which has immerged most recently: Charismatic Transformational Autocratic Transactional Are some important of theories which are in discussion. Charismatic Max Weber the Sociologist described his charismatic authority as resting on the devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person and of the normative patterns or order revealed or ordaised by him,. Among the webaris tripartite classification of authority charismatic authority is one and has acquired wide usage within the sociologists. This leadership is based on the leaders ability to communicate and act in ways that reach group on a basis, touching way, to inspire and motivate. To identify the characteristic of a charismatic leader is difficult but this level of communicating is so powerful to touch the heart of followers emotionally. To be a charismatic leader its difficult and even impossible for some leaders but its true that charismatic character is not essential for being a effective leader. Hence to rely on charisma may be a problem, in succession. Transformational Theory:- Transformational leadership can be defines as a leadership approach that engenders change in individuals and social systems. It explores valuable and positive change in the group with the target of developing the followers in to leaders. Through a variety of mechanism transformational leadership enhance motivation, morale and productivity of the followers by integrity the followers sense of identity to the objective of the organization. The theory was first implemented by James Mac in 1978 in his descriptive analysis on political leaders and now this theory had been given attention in organizational psychology. Burns described the theory as a process in which the leaders and followers help each other to advance to a higher level of morale and motivation, He tried to described that the differentiation between management and leadership are due to character and behaviors. The theory is not based on give and take policy but target changes that are required within the organizational character. Individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation are the four elements of full range of leadership. INSPIRATIONAL MOTIVATION Autocratic This leadership style is one of power and despotism, same to a dictatorship. In the administration of a country this type of leadership is found mostly. Adolph Hitler is a historical example of the disadvantage cruelty of an autocratic leadership style. An autocratic leader just order his followers and expect that they should obey his orders and dictation, This leadership style is suitable where the leader should take decisions in emergency, But this type of leadership style are breaking down now -a-days due to some rapid or environmental and organizational changes., While promoting fresh directions and is not connected with position, then in this case there is no better style than the autocratic in some time during emergency when the work should be done either by hook or crook and no other options are suitable. Transactional Theory This is a term that is used to inquire the interactions between the leaders and the followers of an organization. The leaders focus on a series of transactions. Here the leaders and followers exchange benefits in consequence of rewards and benefits to reach the company objectives. The transactional leaders believe that people can be only motivated by reward or punishment. The targets are set by the leaders and throws to the followers and when the followers reaches the targets they are rewarded and for failure the followers are seriously punished. The leaders are so cruel that they set the targets but are not sure that the resource is available or not. In this type of leadership the reward and punishments are subject to performance of the follower. Taking in consideration of its limitations still this type of leadership is popular to some managers and mainly toward the management end of the scale. Transformational leadership is a selling style but transactional leadership is of telling style. Hence- The transactional leaders must know how and by what to motivate their followers. To ensure their followers that they properly understands the reward system and the way out of receiving the reward. A consistent exercise of reward and punishment systems must be followed Constructive feedback throughout the systems must be provided Timely insurance of reward and recognition system. Situational Leadership theory This model is developed by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard that relates four different leadership styles to the subordinates confidence and the ability to achieve their targets. Now a days most of the leadership programs suits for developing leadership styles within the followers with their strength and weaknesses. But the situational theory is not dictated by the leadership style of managers. Rather its idea is to be successful in the existing environment with the style that is suitable to achieve the objectives. The successful managers are manager who make use of multiple leadership styles to cope up with the dynamic environment according to the desire of the organization. According to this theory the manager must decide which leadership is suitable for achieving the targets after the setting of goal. Style should change when it is required to lead the follower for goal achievements. P2. Impact of leadership Styles with in the Organization Importance of the Leadership-Performance Relationship During the past four decades, the impact of leadership styles on organizational performance has been a topic of interest among academics and practitioners working in the area of leadership. The style of leadership adopted is considered by some researchers to be particularly important in achieving organizational goals, and in evoking performance among subordinates Despite the widespread recognition of the significance and value of leadership, when studying the leadership literature, it is remarkable that the concept of leadership lacks consistency and agreement. Most of the leadership literature confuses the definition of effective leadership by failing to make clear distinctions in some definitions, such as between leaders and non-leaders, effective and ineffective leaders, as well as overlooking the definition of the levels of leadership Further, there has been limited research that has specifically addressed the relationship between leadership behavior and organizational performanc e. Despite these oversights, it is widely believed that leadership creates the vital link between organizational effectiveness and peoples performance at an organizational level Substantial numbers of management scholars have debated the effectiveness of leadership styles and behaviors In addition, much prior research has examined the assumed leadership-performance relationship, but it has examined a restricted number of leadership paradigms. This implies that different leadership paradigms could affect performance differently, depending on the context. Thus, when researching the leadership-performance relationship, the context needs to be taken into account and more paradigms need to be considered. Moreover, there are methodological problems with most existing studies. The majority of field studies have been cross-sectional in design, and the common-method bias often has been a problem when performance has been Measured. Link between Leadership and Organizational Performance Several reasons indicate that there should be a relationship between leadership and performance. The first reason relates to practice. Todays intensive, dynamic markets feature innovation-based competition, Price/performance rivalry, decreasing returns, and the creative destruction of existing competencies. Scholars and practitioners suggest that effective leadership behaviors can facilitate the improvement of performance when organizations face these new challenges Understanding the effects of leadership on performance is also important because leadership is viewed by some researchers as one of the key driving forces for improving a firms performance. Effective leadership is seen as a potent source of management development and sustained competitive advantage for organizational performance improvement. For example, transactional leadership helps organizations achieve their current objectives more efficiently by linking job performance to valued rewards and by ensuring employees have the resources needed to get the job done . Visionary Leaders create a strategic vision of some future state, communicate that vision through framing and use of metaphor, model the vision by acting consistently, and build commitment towards the vision. Some scholars suggest that visionary leadership will result in high levels of cohesion, commitment, trust, motivation, and hence performance in the new organizational environments. According to Mehra when some organizations seek efficient ways to enable them to outperform others, a longstanding approach is to focus on the effects of leadership. This is because team leaders are believed to play a pivotal role in shaping collective norms, helping teams cope with their environments, and coordinating collective action. This leader-centered perspective has provided valuable insights into the relationship between leadership and team performance. Some researchers have started to explore the strategic role of leadership, and investigate how to employ leadership paradigms and use leadership behavior to improve organizational performance. The reason for this is because intangible assets such as leadership styles, culture, skill and competence, and motivation are seen increasingly as key sources of strength in those firms that can combine people and processes and organizational performance. Previous research leads to the expectation that leadership paradigms will have dir ect effects on customer satisfaction, staff satisfaction, and financial performance. However, in general, the effects of leadership on organizational performance have not been well studied, according to House and Adytas review. House and Adyta (1997) criticized leadership studies for focusing excessively on superior-subordinate relationships to the exclusion of several other functions that leaders perform, and to the exclusion of organizational and environmental variables that are crucial to mediate the leadership-performance relationship. A further problem with existing leadership research is that the results depend on the level of analysis. House and Adyta (1997) distinguished micro-level research that focuses on the leader in relation to his or her subordinates and immediate superiors, and macro-level research that focuses on the total organization and its environment. Other scholars also suggest that leaders and their leadership style influence both their subordinates and organizational outcomes. Selection of Leadership development Initiatives The models and competency frameworks detailed in the previous section are, in most cases, used as a basis for the development of leadership and management development provision within organizations as well as appraisal and performance review. It is beyond the scope of this report to offer a detailed review of the associated programmers and the range of leadership and management development initiatives available, however, we would like to introduce a number of approaches that we feel are particularly interesting in the manner in which they seek to develop the behaviors, skills and attitudes of leaders. National and International Learning Experiences: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Development Assignments (Lancaster University Management School) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Transformational Thinking (Manchester University) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Study Tour to Canada (Kings Fund) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Duality Leadership Programmed (University of Birmingham) Action Learning Sets (Nelson and Peddler) Modular Programmes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Experienced Chief Executives Development Programmed (Kings Fund and Lancaster University Management School) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Drive for Results (Manchester University) Leadership programs at wipro Wipro is the 1st PCMM level SEICMM level certified global IT services organization. It is global one of the largest product engineering and service support service provider with product/service differentiation. The company delivers comprehensive research development services, IT solutions, Information system outsourcing, and package implementation service world wide. the company is also having market share in niche market segment of clients product and lighting. Azim Premzi is the chairman of wipro technologies. Leadership qualities of premzi are based on the i10 model of leadership. P3. Assessment of the Leadership Style Premjis one of most achievements is creating sincerely management culture that is fruitful to work even under a high competitive pressure. Two core principles have been established that are instrumental in building proper structure of his leadership team at wipro:- Within the organization the chairman is not the King, he should share authority and responsibility with his subordinates. Believing in zero politic culture with hugging the honesty and openness of the subordinates. P4. Future Requirement of leadership Program For tracing wipros effort globally some steps are taken by the chairman- Azim Premji for the practice of leadership style:- Defining the Leadership qualities within the organization is a biggest problem as it refers so many things to so many people. To be an aggressive team leader and in the same time to bring about harmony within the organization is really challenging, For this Eight leadership practices are identified at Wipro:- Thinking Strategically Orientation of the Customer Commitment should be aggressive and trustworthy Thinking and Acting globally Crucial self confidence Commitment to excellence in operations Team working are an added advantage Building future is a ladder to future growth of the company as well as the within culture. Measurement of Leadership qualities in Global competitive context:- Wipros leaders are integrated with global thinking and acting working in a team increase the motivating and bonding factors and hence increase in productivity. P5. Proposal that are designed to meet specific requirement Wipros Leadership qualities at a Glance:- Leadership quality Earlier Now Strategic Thinking Focus was on the domestic players and only address was on local competitive forces Now focus is on Global game, changes and competitors Working in Team Main focus was on face-to-face interactions and morale in location basis But now the focus is on virtual teams that work asynchronously across date time Zones. Hence we can say that the company always studies the business environment for clues that have a direct impact of leadership strategies. Composition of leadership for a Global organization:- Due to the Global presence of wipro it is difficult to manage cross cultural and multinational work forces for his reason wipro has infused its senior management with leaders from home nations itself. This ensures that these leaders are adapting in their own nations and can understand the business quickly. Relevant Modification of the People Process:- The ongoing process of hiring, training development, compensation, are affecting the operations of Global scale. For this the company has modified the people process have a complete vision of leadership. For this reason the recruitment team must be certified with a standard, trainings are conducted overseas to have engagement with the field force. Development of Leadership Talent within the Wipro: On a regular basis the employees are trained to develop leaders. Premji have initiated to create and explore development program adjacent to the lifecycle way of leadership development. P6. Leadership development Program of Wipro For horning the leadership capability five programs have been developed by Premji within the organization:- Entry Level Program:- This is for the freshers (Entry level employee). New leaders Program: For the 1st time managers this program are developed to make aware of teams building, situational leading and coaching each other. Leader Program of Wipro: This are for the manager of manager those are willing to manage the team directly. Business Leaders Program: This are for General Managers covering the important attributes of finance and environmental scanning. Strategic Leadership Program: This is for chief executives for designing and developing strategies globally. Lifecycle Leadership Program Competency based performance appraisal Objective Setting WIPRO LEADER WLO 360 degree Early Opportunities Meet your people Program CSS customer output HR Review Planning The Leadership Development Frame work of Wipro Findings Prior to the examination of associations between leadership style, organizational culture, and performance, a phase of data reduction was necessary. The construction of meaningful indices was initiated by the use of principal components analysis with Varian rotation. Factor analysis was deemed necessary since it was considered prudent statistically to ascertain whether the adopted measures of organizational culture and leadership style captured differing dimensions of culture and style. The principal components analysis of items pertaining to organizational culture and items relating to leadership style were conducted individually. It was not necessary to delete items from the analysis due to lack of variation or because of problems of interpretation. A clear case study of wipro is described at a glance to show the different situational leadership style that is being used in the organization for the proper team work and development of future leaders.

The Indian Uprising (a Critique) :: essays research papers

Any author's primary goal in story writing is to convey an idea or topic to their reading audience. The conventional wisdom on this thought is that the clearer this is conveyed, the greater the appeal to the reader. However, some authors feel the need to resist this trend and forge new paths that sometime leaves the meanings of their stories obscure and hidden from the average reader. Donald Barthelme has taken this optional approach with his story "The Indian Uprising". There are several reasons that I did not fully enjoy this post-colonial short story. One, its "point" is vague and this is a challenge to my current reading abilities and two, it rambles along its disjointed timeline to the point that I became easily lost. However, there is something that the story brought to light that I am now more fully aware of than before reading this story. That is my own abilities of intellectual analysis. It is these areas that I wish to elaborate upon.Donald Barthelme's deliberate twisting of the subtleties in meaning in his story is intriguing. However, as a recent popular movie so elegantly put it, it left me dazed and confused. I couldn't seem to figure out what the point or moral of the story should be. Was this a story of a battle between cowboys and Indians, as it suggests in its title? The story starts off leading you to take this as a real possibility with lines such as "We defended the city as best we could. The arrows of the Comanches came in clouds."(123). Or was it a story of love set in the time of war? "...we issued entrenching tools to those who seemed trustworthy and turned the heavy-weapons companies so that we could not be surprised from that direction. And I sat there getting drunker and drunker and more in love and more in love." (124). Although the story bounces between these two main "insinuations", it is never clear to me what or who the story is about and I found this to be an unfulfilling reading. In retrospect my previous readings of literature have been more of the atypical writing style. One that leaves you comfortable and secure and without guesswork "The Indian Uprising" avoids this style at all cost. The author's intent on writing in the style of a collage, although fascinating, is very confusing. I will be the first to admit I'm not the most avid of readers, but having to read a story two or even three times and still not fully perceiving its meaning made it an even more arduous read.

Is The Secret Sharer an appropriate title for this short story? Essay

1. Is The Secret Sharer an appropriate title for this short story? Support your ideas with detail from the text. In The Secret Sharer, a captain escapes his ship where he was held captive after murdering a member of the crew. He swims to another ship and admits the whole truth to the captain. Both captains have bad relationships with their crew and they empathise with each other. Legatt, who came from the other ship, is to be kept secret from the crew as his life depends on it. They have to keep quiet and whisper. An intense relationship is built up between the two of them. The captain always refers to Legatt as my â€Å"other self†, â€Å"my double† or â€Å"my second self†. This indicates that they belong together such as lovers. It implies that they are one person and are bound together. Legatt tells the captain immediately that he just killed a man and the captain just accepts it without question. He understands why he did it. They trust each other totally. Between them they know everything about each other, they knew each other before their eyes met. For Legatt to expose himself to a complete stranger there would have to be a bond. It is a twisted love at first sight. Another aspect of the title’s secretively is brotherhood. The two captains conspire together like brothers. â€Å"Whispering side by side, with our dark heads together and our backs to the door, anybody bold enough to open it stealthily would have been treated to the uncanny sight of a double captain busy talking in whispers with his other self.† They both look alike and are conversing in whispers. They are even sitting the same way. Like two little twin brothers making up some plan, which will guarantee that they get into trouble. This comes before sharing a secret; this is the creation of a secret, which will only be between those two, so effectively they are sharing the secret. Legatts existence is so secret that the captain starts to doubt he even exists. He is so secret that he cannot exist. â€Å"An irresistible doubt of his existence flickered through my mind. Can it be, I asked myself, that he is not visible to other eyes than mine?† He begins to think that Legatt is so secret, that he is imagining him. This shows us that the relationship is so secret and fantastic, that he cannot believe it. Legatt is barely described; we know only that he has dark hair, is pale and resembles the captain. In the beginning he was glowing phosphorescently, which reminds us of ghost. So he is almost spirit like. This reflects the title in that the secrectness of his existence cannot be shared. The captain describes Legatt to be like himself, he is a mirror. The captain can understand Legatt instantly as if he were in his shoes. He shares his very soul with Legatt, which is so unreal he can’t believe it. It’s double secret, materialistically he cannot tell the crew and has to hide him, and spiritually because he has shared his heart with Legatt. In conclusion, â€Å"The Secret Sharer† is an appropriate title for this account. The title can be interpreted into different meanings all of which can be associated directly to the story. The title focuses wholly on the relationship between the captain and Legatt.

Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed essay

Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed essay Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed? essay Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed? essayIn actuality, fiscal changes are debatable issues since, on the one hand, the rise of taxes is essential to cover growing needs of the federal budget, while, on the other hand, there is the traditional policy of non-interference of the US government into the US economy. In this regard, the possible rise of taxes for the rich is particularly sensitive issue because the majority of the population supports such measure, but economic effects of such decision may be questionable, while the political opposition to such decision will be certain from the part of the Republicans, who traditionally stood on the economically liberal ground. The taxes on people making over $250,000 a year should be changed because the current taxation is unfair as the rich can afford paying higher taxes to support the poor, while the government can serve as the mediator between the rich and the poor.History and status of the issue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rise of taxes for the rich is quite a controversial issue, especially in the context of the US economy, which has always had a strong inclination to liberal policies with the minimal interference of the government into the national economy. In this regard, the Republican government was traditionally oriented on the liberation of fiscal policies with the minimal fiscal pressure, cut of government expenses, and free open market development. In contrast, the Democrats tended to the wider government interference and regulations to close the gap between the rich and the poor. Today, the Obama administration is considered to be the socialist administration because of its government policies that means that the current administration is favorable for the rise of taxes for the rich, including those, who earn over $250,000.The economic problem  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main economic problem that actually stimulates the introduction of t he rise of taxes for the rich is the problem of the stumbling US economy and the low economic growth of the US. The deterioration of the economic situation in the US has triggered the pauperization of a large part   of the US population along with the shift of a considerable part of the middle-class toward the lower-class, while the upper-class earning over $250,000. The deterioration of the economic situation and pauperization of the population raises the problem of the further decline of the economic growth of the US because of the low consumption and focus of Americans on saving instead of spending. In such a situation, the government focuses on the enhancement of business activities, which can be achieved through the enhancement of the buying power of the majority of the population. In this regard, the increasing taxes for the rich open the way to decrease the fiscal pressure on the middle-class that prevents the further pauperization of the middleclass. Instead, the rich will not suffer substantial financial losses, because of their high level of income. As a result, the raise of taxes for the rich will help to resolve the problem of the economic decline of the US and boost the recovery of the US economy.The political problemThe political problem that emerges along with the rise of taxes for the rich is the problem of the government economic policy and over-regulation of the US economy. In fact, the historical development of the US was accompanied by the free economic development, while the government focused on other issues, but not economic issues. In such a way, the government regulation always evoked a strong opposition in the US politics as well as in the US society because such regulations were perceived as the excessive interference of the state into the economy of the US and private matters of individuals. The US was historically the country, where the government was not supposed to set the tight control over the economy by means of fiscal polic ies. In such a situation, the rise of taxes for the poor will evoke the severe criticism, especially from the part of the Republican Party. However, the rise of taxes will be an essential political decision to show that the government takes care for the average people, especially after 2008-2009 bailouts, when the government’s policy was perceived as the support of large corporations at costs of the average tax payers.The social problem  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, the raise of taxes is closely intertwined with the burning social problem, the problem of the growing disparity within the US society. To put it more precisely, the economic recession of 2008 has triggered the considerable widening of gaps between the rich and the poor in the US. In fact, the rise of the social disparity was the result of substantial gap in the level of income of the rich and the poor. As a result, the growing social and economic disparity raises the problem of the growi ng tension between the rich and the poor. If the government keeps ignoring the problem, there is a high risk of the large scale social conflict. In this regard, the Occupy Wall Street Movement and similar movements may be viewed as mere precursors of the large scale social protest against the persisting injustice in the US that may trigger clashes between civilians and law enforcement agencies as well as the military. In a long-run perspective, the government will face considerable problems with the maintenance of the existing social order because of the growing social protest and elimination of existing social injustice.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the raise of taxes for those, who earn over $250,000 is an essential step to resolve current economic, political and social problems of the US. Even though this decision is difficult to take and this decision is likely to evoke a strong opposition in the US, but this decision is essential to undertake beca use it helps to bridge gaps between the rich and the poor and help the US middle-class to remain the middle- but not lower-class.

Ethics and Computers essays

Ethics and Computers essays Ethics are moral decisions people make based on what they believe is right or wrong. There are many ways to abuse or take advantage of technology and information systems but by applying ethics to these technologies people can hopefully make ethical decisions. When using information think about privacy, accuracy, property, and access to ensure ethical use. Even though email is informal, people still must remember it is permanent after you send it to another person and almost all of the time can be found again even if deleted so people should always use ethics in writing their emails. The Ten Commandments for the ethical use of computers are rules everyone can use to make sure what they are doing is ethical. Ethics or morals can establish questions about what is right and wrong not only for individuals, but how their actions affect society. Individuals can use information systems or technology in ways that are unethical but there are ways to avoid these unethical uses. All individuals have a concept of what is right and wrong. They use these concepts in decision making processes concerning ethical questions. In some instances there may be conflicting answers to these questions. For instance, an employee may be using a spreadsheet or another peace of information to predict sales for the upcoming years and sees an increase. He/She reports this to the boss, who hires new sales representatives. After re-checking information he/she notices some are incorrect. This causes the sales to different then he/she had predicted for the upcoming years. Now the employee has two choices that he/she can choice from which are report his/her mistake, which would result in the new sales representatives being out of a job, and possibly him as well. The alternative is not reporting the mistake. The new sales representative and the employee will keep their jobs for the time being, but the company will lose money. If the mistake is found the new s...

Comparison between life in Saudi Arabia and the United States Essay

Comparison between life in Saudi Arabia and the United States - Essay Example For example, in Saudi Arabia, when it is time for Salaat, which is the name for prayer in Islam, everybody can be seen rushing towards the Mosques. Saudi Arabians leave every business apart and go to the mosque to offer the prayers five times a day. They value Salaat above every other matter, and would not miss a prayer in any case. This particular habit of the Saudi Arabians makes them quite distinguished from Muslims in other countries. Not many Muslims in the United States rush towards Mosques when it is the time for Salaat. Likewise, people from all other religions are not as practicing towards their religions in United States in general as the Muslims in Saudi Arabia are, at least with respect to prayers and appearance. The condition of law and order is much better in Saudi Arabia than it is in the United States. According to the most recent statistics about rape per capita recorded by (NationMaster.com), the rapes per capita in the United States are 0.301318 per 1,000 people wh ere as the same in Saudi Arabia are 0.00329321 per 1,000 people. In Saudi Arabia, when it is the time for Salaat, shopkeepers do not even shut their shops for the time they are out of it despite having nobody on their behalf to take care of the shop in their absence. They are so confident that no one is going to rob or steal anything from the shop. And the most interesting part of it is that, nobody really does steal there. This can be fundamentally attributed to the fact that punishments in Saudi Arabia for crime are just too strict for somebody to commit it. If someone is found guilty of stealth, the thief’s hand is cut off. Likewise, if somebody is proved to have committed Zina’, that is the Arabic name for rape, or illegal sex or sex with someone out of the marital relationship, he/she is stoned to death. These are the punishments enforced by Islam for the respective sins. As Islamic laws have been enforced in Saudi Arabia, the crime rate is significantly less than what it is in the United States. In United States, the police is generally very efficient and the law and order is also extremely strict, yet the crime rate is higher than in Saudi Arabia because of several reasons. A person in United States would surely close the shop before leaving the shop for any purpose, or if not close it, would make arrangements to keep the things secure. The culture of United States is largely dominated by multiculturalism. â€Å"America is ultimately a nation of immigrants and as a result is a cultural mish-mash in every sense of the word† (Kwintessential.co.uk). There are people from all over the world who have come to United States for studies or work. Multiculturalism is far more dominant in the life in United States than it is in Saudi Arabia. People from all over the world that have been migrating to United States in the past have brought their individualistic cultures along with them that have blended well with the native culture of the United States. With the passage of time, the culture of United States has started to reflect the colors of all different cultures whose people make part of its society. Because of the widespread multiculturalism, no single religion dominates in the culture of United States. Accordingly, United States has formulated laws, policies, rules and regulations according to social factors

Trade unions in the workplace can only have a negative impact on Essay

Trade unions in the workplace can only have a negative impact on productivity. Discuss - Essay Example An analysis of the above definitions reveals that a trade union must be: Allen Flanders (1970) says that the major functions of trade unions are ‘Regulation’ which is of government role, whose essence lies in rule making. As Flanders (1970) says â€Å"Union restrain the exercise of managerial authority in deploying, organizing and disciplining the labour force after it has been hired.† Thus trade unions are considered not merely as economic organizations, but also as political institutions directed towards wresting control over managerial authority and moral institutions, which will uplift the weak, and downtrodden and render them the place, the dignity and justice they deserve. Trade unions, everywhere, as organizations undertake a variety of activities termed as economical, political, social psychological, cultural etc. All these activities could be broadly put into three major categories such as collective bargaining or negotiations, industrial action and legal actions. Collective bargaining/ negotiations: Unions as representative of workers organizations bargain with employers or various such issues such as wages, allowances, bonus, hours of work, reinstatement etc. The unions have secure bargaining power by statute and bargaining is done with the presence of the third party. Industrial action: Industrial action implies action like strikes and different methods of protest. These types of industrial actions like striking naturally lead to loss of production and disturbing the industrial peace. Worldwide unions resort to these activities to achieve their goals to safe guard the interest of their members. Legal actions: The unions also involve themselves in the legal actions. First of all unions have interest in getting certain laws enacted by the legislature. The purpose of these labour laws is to enhance the interest of the workers. Then, the unions are also

Description of Christo and Jeanne Claude`s Installation The Gates Essay

Description of Christo and Jeanne Claude`s Installation The Gates - Essay Example It is all about altering the space and thus altering the eye. ‘The Gates’ have a rare quality that combines an open invitation with an exciting sense of mystery at every step into it. The saffron clothe hung at each gate just like a half-curtain had a function of masking the view ahead, for a few moments, when a person passes through it (Christo and Jeanne Claude â€Å"The Gates†). The gates masked the panoramic view at each step but also revealed a new vision also at every step (Christo and Jeanne Claude â€Å"The Gates†). The saffron wardrobe in which Christo and Claude had dressed up the classic elegance of the park provided a contrast beyond comparisons so as to make the onlooker feel as if he/she was entering a surreal world (Christo and Jeanne Claude â€Å"The Gates†). The monotony of visual experience caused by the repetition of the gates has a purpose to serve. It hides the contours of the park and gives out a monolithic experience where even when a visitor walks miles and miles, she would feel she had not moved at all. By repeating the space and expanding it, thus the artists had manipulated time as well, by instilling a feeling of eternity. The equal distance that is kept between the gates is yet another artistic technique to enrich the feeling of infinity. The very material presence of the textile is suggestive of the time-limited nature of this work of art. It is evident to the visitor to this work of art that it is not going to last forever just like a painting or a sculpture. Yet it has a unique value as a spectacle, a value that a painting or a sculpture cannot command. It is the time-constraint that imparted it a value as a spectacle. The installation also offered the onlookers, a side view, from the road, which was equal to an outside v iew. From this viewpoint, the gates transformed into a neat row of big women legs clad in saffron skirts (Christo and Jeanne Claude â€Å"The Gates†).

Air Pollution Essay Example for Free

Air Pollution Essay Air pollution caused by vehicles has been identified as the largest contributor to air pollution in the world. Air pollution caused by vehicles is when the burning of fossil fuels to power our vehicles gives off CO2 emission. This pollution by vehicles also produces toxic substances such as sulfur dioxide and carbon which can be fatal to humans. Air pollution also comes from industry as this source of pollution spews particulate matter and chemicals into the atmosphere. The output from factories includes sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and dioxide. Almost all of Earth’s atmosphere or ecosystem has been altered by the long-term effects of pollution by industries. Power plants are also another reason to blame for air pollution. They spread gases that thickens the atmosphere, causing the heat to be blocked from exiting to space. The gases are heavy, and comes down to the ground causing pollution One of the power plants that gives out the most pollution is the power plant that is fired by coal. Coal burning is a leading cause of smog, acid rain, and toxic air pollution. Not only that, it also causes the greenhouse effect and holes in the ozone layer. Health Effects Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. Examples of short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Other symptoms can include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Short-term air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. Continual exposure to air pollution affects the lungs of growing children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in the elderly. Air pollution also effects the human cardiovascular system as the inhalation of air pollutants eventually leads to their absorption into the bloodstream and transport to the heart. Some pollutants may also directly cause functional alterations that affect the rhythmicity and contractility of the heart. Causes of water pollution. Factories play a major role in pollution the water. Wastes from factories include toxins, such as lead, mercury and other contaminants. These chemicals are very harmful and can lead to serious health hazards. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural farms, homeowners lawns and roadsides are a threat to the natural water source. When the pollutants runoff into local streams or rivers or drained down into groundwater, they contaminate the water completely. Mining is also another reason for water pollution. Heavy metals and sulphur components which are buried in the earth are exposed during mining and during rainfall these toxic chemicals are exposed, which results in acid rain.

Jihad - A Holy War Essay -- essays research papers

Jihad It was once a word unfamiliar to American ears. But in recent years it has become all too familiar. The actions of Muslim militants and terrorists have seared the word into American consciousness. Yet even with thousands of innocent civilians killed on American soil by Islamic terrorists, the full significance of the Muslim concept of jihad has not been grasped by the American public. In the days after September 11, 2001, American leaders rushed to portray Islam as a peaceful religion that had been "hijacked" by a fanatical band of terrorists. One hopes that these assurances were merely tactical—that nobody was meant to believe them and that they were meant to assure the Muslim world that the inevitable American reprisals were not directed at their religion as a whole. If the world Muslim community perceived America as attacking Islam in general then the duty of every Muslim to fight for his religion—the duty of jihad—would have been invoked on a broad scale. The war against terrorism, instead of simmering with occasional flare-ups, like the Cold War, would have boiled over into a global conflagration, with the Muslim countries of the world—1.2 billion strong—mobilizing against America and the West. Muslim apologists also rushed forward to assure the public that Islam was a peaceful religion. They disingenuously declared that the word Islam means "peace." And they tried to portray the terrorists as a fringe group outside the mainstream of Islam. These were lies. The usual meaning of Islam in Arabic is not "peace" but "submission." And if the terrorists were so far outside the mainstream, why did Muslims all over the world burst into joyful, spontaneous celebrations when the hijacked jetliners slammed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon? Why are Islamic governments afraid to show "too much" public support for the war against terrorism? Further, why are all the governments that covertly support terrorism centered in the Muslim world? The truth is that Islam is not a religion of peace. This is not to say that every Muslim is violent at heart. Many are not. Muslims have the same aspirations for living peaceful lives that people have the world over. But they also have the same potential for violence as others, and Islam as a religion and an ideology seeks to exploit that potential. Thoug... ...volutionary movements. The conflict with militant Islam may last a long time—centuries, potentially—since even if curing Muslim society of its violent tendencies is possible, it would involve ripping out or otherwise neutralizing a tendency that has dominated Muslim culture since the days of its founder. This is not an easy task, for Muslims willing to make the change would be portrayed as traitors to their religion, amid renewed calls to practice Islam in its original, pure, and more violent form in order to regain the favor of God. The signs of the times suggest that we are, indeed, in for a "clash of civilizations" that will be neither brief nor bloodless. But what also is known is that God has a plan for history and that his grace can work miracles. It is yet possible that—through one means or another—God will bring about a more peaceful world in which militant Islam either is not a threat or nowhere near the threat that it is today. If this is to happen, our cooperation with God’s grace will require prayer, courage, resourcefulness, and a realistic understanding of the threat we are facing. Until then there can be no illusions about Islam and its endless jihad.

The Man Who Planted Trees Essay example -- Literary Review, Jean Giono

The Man Who Planted Trees by Jean Giono was wan extraordinary story about one man’s efforts to help the environment. It tells the story of one shepherd's extensive and successful singlehanded determination to re-forest a desolate valley in the foothills of the Alps near Provence throughout the first half of the 20th century. The story is narrated by a man who throughout the book in anonymous. The story begins in the year 1910, when a young man is undertaking a long hiking trip through Provence, France, and into the Alps. The narrator runs out of water in a treeless, uninhabited valley where there is no trace of civilization. The narrator finds only a dried up well, but is saved by a middle-aged shepherd who gives him a drink of water from his water-gourd. Later, the shepherd takes the narrator to his cottage where he offers him food and a place for the night. As the narrator stays for the night he becomes curious about this shepherd, who lives all alone in this stone house, and decides to stay for a while longer. The shepherd, after being widowed, had decided to restore the ruined landscape of the isolated and largely abandoned valley by single-handedly cultivating a forest, tree by tree. The shepherd, Elzà ©ard Bouffier, makes holes in the ground and plants acorns that he had collected from far away into those holes. The narrator was astonished at what this man had done all on his own. It was an amazing project that not just anyone could have done. The narrator leaves the shepherd knowing for sure that he would be back to see what he had accomplished. He later fights in World War One. In 1920 the man returns back to the same valley. Instead of seeing a desolated valley with little progress, to his astonishment there were saplings... ...t. By late 2005, through the Pan-African Green Belt Network, over fifteen African countries had become involved with the Green Belt Movement. The movement spread beyond the African borders to the United States. For her lifelong dedication to environmental and human rights Maathai received numerous awards, including the Goldman Environmental Prize, the Right Livelihood Award, and the United Nation's Africa Prize for Leadership. Furthermore, in 2004 Maathai was honored with the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize becoming the first black woman and the first environmentalist to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Maathai was best known as the founder of the Green Belt Movement: an initiative to plant trees in forested areas of Kenya that were starting to be used commercially. Critics wondered whether a "tree planter" was truly a peace activist and I am here to say she was.

Night of Terror

Denise Cummens Greg Aamot English 122 3 March 2013 Allen W Taylor- The Night the Sirens Blew Everyone experiences at least one terrifying event in his or her lifetime. How we assimilate the event shapes our attitudes, or maybe vice-versa. It can become the catalyst that lead, to phobias; sometimes it even earns itself a fancy title with â€Å"syndrome† attached to the end of it. So many of us just call it a memory, but one can share with eight other people.People need to always remember that, tornadoes are not simply violent forces of nature; consequently, they are threats of weather that turns into tornadoes as, it forces change for those who live in its path of destruction. If we go and look back at that historical day through the readings of, â€Å"The Night the Sirens Blew. † We get the recap of the worse tornado outbreak in the Twin Cities, which was in 1965 and worse of six strong tornadoes that occurred around Minneapolis and St. Paul Minnesota on May 6, 1965. Th is was nicknamed â€Å"The Longest Night† and is the most often remembered for the two F4 tornadoes that hit Fridley, Minnesota.Where thirteen people were killed in the six tornadoes that touched down in the Twin Cities area on that historical day. People that lived through that day recall what happened to the author, first it was famous WCCO radio personality Dick â€Å"Chappy† Chapman, who was the main broadcaster the night of the outbreak. He remembers that night began shortly after 6p. m when the first funnel cloud was spotted neat Norwood Young America, just west of the Twin Cities. Chappy, recalls that was the beginning of a long night and he left the microphone on until 1a. m the next morning.Chappy recalls his conversation with Joe Strub from the Weather Bureau. Joe was an outstanding guy who really knew a lot about storms. At the time of the historical outbreak, he was working on tornado research and found that these storms would â€Å"pulse†. In anothe r words, the storm would build-drop-build-drop. This is how he explained this storm was so massive that is literally â€Å"chewed† up debris and flung it all over the place. Joe also recalls being a pioneer in lobbying for safer trailer park tornado prevention measures. He wanted â€Å"cement tie-downs† and reinforced storm shelters in every trailer park.The many people that Allen Taylor talked to about this historical day, also talked about the things that lead up to this massive night of tornadoes, like the St. Patrick’s day blizzard aftermath of March 17, 1965 and many bad flooding and so we were used to all the interruption in the news due to all the bad weather, until the night of the tornadoes. So after all the blizzards and flooding the Weather Bureau hooked in a â€Å"tie-line† between WCCO and their offices, so when bad weather hit all they had to do is pick up the phone and report right then and there.All the people that talked to Allen about th e night the sirens blew all recall the many tornadoes that swept across the Western and Northern portions of the 7 county regions and that they ranged from F2 to F4, which killed thirteen people and injured 683 people. If it was not for the National Weather Bureau, local officials, and the outstanding communications by local radio and television stations. Most of the credit needed to go to the annoucers of WCCO with saving countless lives. It was also the first time in twin Cities history that civil defense sirens were used for severe weather.The Weather Bureau said â€Å"we didn’t hesitate a bit† to sound the sirens. It was the first time that the air raid alarm was used as a tornado warning since the system was instituted in May of 1959. So with all the things that happened on that night and it is not hard to believe that everyone will experience at least one terrifying event in his or her lifetime. How we assimilate the event shapes our attitudes, or maybe vice-vers a. It can become catalyst that lead, to phobias, and sometimes it even earns itself as just a memory to recall sharing with others.So the author who recalls, the events in our childhood shape our world and our perceptions. He says even though he was only five when this historical night took place he can recall the colored lighting and the once-in-a-generation power associated with these storms left an impact on him and all the people who lived through that night. The two main reasons he said he wrote this book, was because he has always been interested in storms and wanted to recall that night, and he had a great joy of being able to talk with the people who lived through those tornadoes that night.Those tornadoes wiped everything out! In today’s dollar the damage was 1. 2 billion dollars, making it the swarm of tornadoes and one of the costliest outbreaks in US history. That night was the main storm surges which spawned 24 tornadoes in one evening. It is his hope by reading this book you feel the emotions of the people who survived that night. Allen hope is that you enjoy the most researched documented book ever written on the worst tornado out break ever to hit the Twin Cities.

Battle of Salamanca - Peninsular War Battle of Salamanca

Battle of Salamanca - Peninsular War Battle of Salamanca Battle of Salamanca - Conflict Date: The Battle of Salamanca was fought July 22, 1812, during the Peninsular War, which was part of the larger Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Armies Commanders: British, Spanish, Portuguese Viscount Wellington51,949 men French Marshal Auguste Marmont49,647 men Battle of Salamanca - Background: Pushing into Spain in 1812, British, Portuguese, and Spanish troops under Viscount Wellington were confronted by French forces led by Marshal Auguste Marmont. Though his army was advancing, Wellington grew increasingly concerned as the size of Marmonts command steadily increased. When the French army matched and then became slightly larger than his, Wellington elected to halt the advance and began falling back towards Salamanca. Under pressure from King Joseph Bonaparte to take the offensive, Marmont began moving against Wellingtons right. Crossing the River Tormes, southeast of Salamanca, on July 21, Wellington was resolved not to fight unless under favorable circumstances. Placing some of his troops on a ridge facing east towards the river, the British commander concealed the bulk of his army in the hills to the rear. Moving across the river the same day, Marmont wished to avoid a major battle, but felt compelled to engage the enemy in some way. Early the next morning, Marmont spotted dust clouds behind the British position in the direction of Salamanca. Battle of Salamanca - The French Plan: Misinterpreting this as a sign that Wellington was retreating, Marmont devised a plan calling for the bulk of his army to move south and west to get behind the British on the ridge with the goal of cutting them off. In actuality, the dust cloud was caused by the departure of the British baggage train which had been sent towards Ciudad Rodrigo. Wellingtons army remained in place with its 3rd and 5th Divisions en route from Salamanca. As the day progressed, Wellington shifted his troops into positions facing south, but still concealed from sight by a ridge. Battle of Salamanca - An Unseen Enemy: Pushing forward, some of Marmonts men engaged the British on the ridge near the Chapel of Nostra Seà ±ora de la Peà ±a, while the bulk began the flanking movement. Moving onto a L-shaped ridge, with its angle at a height known as the Greater Arapile, Marmont positioned the divisions of Generals Maximilien Foy and Claude Ferey on the short arm of the ridge, opposite the known British position, and ordered the divisions of Generals Jean Thomià ¨res, Antoine Maucune, Antoine Brenier, and Bertrand Clausel to move along the long arm to get in the enemys rear. Three additional divisions were placed near the Greater Arapile. Marching along the ridge, the French troops were moving parallel to Wellingtons hidden men. Around 2:00 PM, Wellington observed the French movement and saw that they were becoming strung out and had their flanks exposed. Rushing to the right of his line, Wellington met General Edward Pakenhams arriving 3rd Division. Instructing him and Brigadier General Benjamin dUrbans Portuguese cavalry to strike at the head of the French column, Wellington rushed to his center and issued orders for his 4th and 5th Divisions to attack over the ridge with support from the 6th and 7th as well as two Portuguese brigades. Battle of Salamanca - Wellington Strikes: Intercepting Thomià ¨res division, the British attacked and drove back the French, killing the French commander. Down the line, Mancune, seeing British cavalry on the field, formed his division into squares to repel the horsemen. Instead, his men were assaulted by Major General James Leiths 5th Division which shattered the French lines. As Mancunes men fell back, they were attacked by Major General John Le Marchants cavalry brigade. Cutting down the French, they moved on to attack Breniers division. While their initial assault was successful, Le Marchant was killed as they pressed their attack. The French situation continued to worsen as Marmont was wounded during these early attacks and was taken from the field. This was compounded by the loss of Marmonts second-in-command, General Jean Bonnet, a short time later. While the French command was reorganized, Major General Lowry Coles 4th Division along with Portuguese troops attacked the French around the Greater Arapile. Only by massing their artillery were the French able to repel these assaults. Taking command, Clausel attempted to retrieve the situation by ordering one division to reinforce the left, while his division and Bonnets division, along with cavalry support, attacked Coles exposed left flank. Slamming into the British, they drove Coles men back and reached Wellingtons 6th Division. Seeing the danger, Marshal William Beresford shifted the 5th Division and some Portuguese troops to aid in dealing with this threat. Arriving on the scene, they were joined by the 1st and 7th Divisions which Wellington had moved to the 6ths aid. Combined, this force repelled the French assault, forcing the enemy to begin a general retreat. Fereys division attempted to cover the withdrawal but was driven off by the 6th Division. As the French retreated east towards Alba de Tormes, Wellington believed the enemy was trapped as the crossing was supposed to be guarded by Spanish troops. Unknown to the British leader, this garrison had been withdrawn and the French were able to escape. Battle of Salamanca - Aftermath: Wellingtons losses at Salamanca numbered around 4,800 killed and wounded, while the French suffered around 7,000 killed and wounded, as well as 7,000 captured. Having destroyed his principal opposition in Spain, Wellington advanced and captured Madrid on August 6. Though forced to abandon the Spanish capital later in the year as new French forces moved against him, the victory convinced the British government to continue the war in Spain. Additionally, Salamanca dispelled Wellingtons reputation that he only fought defensive battles from positions of strength and showed that he was a gifted offensive commander. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of SalamancaPeninsular War: Battle of SalamancaNapoleon Guide: Salamanca

Issues of Damning and Flooding essays

Issues of Damning and Flooding essays My research project is on the issues of damming and flooding. This research project will explain to you why people create dams, what types of dams there are, and what is the effect that a dam makes on the land. Also this project will explain to you what causes flooding and how it affects the land and everything around it. It will also explain how to prevent and protect yourself. Finally this paper will explain to you how to stop flooding and how to protect your house from it. Dams are created for many different reasons. They can be created to slow down the flow of a river or they can be created to produce electricity and collect drinkable water. The reason some dams are created is to decrease and slow the flow of water in a river. This is done because some rivers can become so high that they are always over flowing even during a small rainstorm. The most important reason that dams are built is to make hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity is electricity made by turbines being pushed by water. There are many different types of dams in the world that fit different situations better. The first type explained to you is a gravity dam. Gravity dams are dams that can withstand the force of a large horizontal wall of water. This is used to cover large spaces that need to have a lake behind them. The Hoover Dam in Boulder, Nevada is a gravity dam. Another type of dam is an arch dam. Arch dams are suitable for small narrow canyons where there is a need for a dam. Another type of dam is a buttress dam. Buttress dams are dams are dams that have very thin walls held up by buttresses. They are used more often because they cost less and use fewer materials then the other two types of dams. Dams are helpful to humans yet hurtful to the environment. Dams can totally destroy the environment that they are built in. They change the natural rivers and make them in to unnatural lakes. Dams can change the water salinity level in t...

Compound Tenses in English Grammar

Compound Tenses in English Grammar In English grammar, compound tense is a traditional term for a verb construction that uses more than one word to express a meaning related to time. A verb construction that uses only one word is called a simple tense.Compound tenses are made up of auxiliary verbs  (or helping verbs) combined with other verb forms. The perfect, past perfect (also known as pluperfect), progressive, and (in some cases) future are forms traditionally regarded as compound tenses in English. Examples and Observations Simple Tenses vs. Compound TensesThe distinction between simple and compound tenses corresponds to the distinction between affixes and words. A simple tense form of a verb is a single word, usually augmented by a suffix (less often a prefix). A compound tense form consists of several words, at least one of them an auxiliary. The work done by the affix in a simple tense form and the auxiliary in a compound tense form is broadly the same; it expresses some distinction in the general area of time. . . .What is potentially confusing here is the fact that English, like many European languages, uses the past participle (e.g. taken) both for the perfect (a compound tense) and for the passive voice. Note that the English passive is formed in a way quite parallel to the formation of compound tenses, i.e. with an auxiliary and a participle. But, of course, passive is not a tense.(James R. Hurford,  Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994)[W]hen the father comes in from wo rk, he eats, and finally the mother herself eats alone or with the smaller children, who probably have already eaten what they wanted with the others.(Jack E. Weller,  Yesterdays People: Life in Contemporary Appalachia. University Press of Kentucky, 1995) I wash my face, dress and go downstairs where my wife  is feeding the  baby.(Julius Lester,  Lovesong: Becoming a Jew. Arcade, 2013)Anyone who  has read the  judgments of Lord Denning or Lord Atkin will know the importance of the way the facts are presented.(Alan Paterson,  Final Judgment: The Last Law Lords and the Supreme Court. Hart, 2013)Dana  had left the office  to tend to the children, and Keith puttered around the church, unable to do anything productive. He finally left.(John Grisham, The Confession. Doubleday, 2010). Perfect Aspect and Compound Tenses The perfect is a past tense that is marked by means of an auxiliary verb rather than by inflection, like the preterite. The auxiliary is have, which is followed by a past participle. Examples are given in [40] along with their non-perfect counterparts:[40i] a. She has been ill. [perfect]   b. She is ill [non-perfect][40ii] a. She had left town. [perfect]   b. She left town. [non-perfect][40iii] a. She is said to have spoken fluent Greek. [perfect] (b) She is said to speak fluent Greek. [non-perfect]In [ia] and [iia] the auxiliary have is itself inflected for primary tense, has being a present tense form, had a peterite. These constructions thus have compound tense: [ia] is a present perfect, [iia] is a preterite perfect. In [iiia] have is in the plain form, so this time there is no primary tense, no compound tense.(Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum,  A Students Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 2005) Expressing the Future With Compound Tenses Past and present are the only English simple tenses, using one-word forms of the verb. Future is expressed in English as a compound tense, with two words, using the modal auxiliary will, e.g. will come; the corresponding past tense came is just one word.(James R. Hurford,  Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994)  Bessie was baffled. How do these birds live? Where do they sleep at night? And how can they survive the rains, the cold, the snow? I will go home, Bessie decided. People will not leave me in the streets.(Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Key. The New Yorker, 1970)