Sunday, May 31, 2020

Family Members an Anxiety Disorder - Free Essay Example

Living with a family member who has an anxiety disorder can be a challenge in itself. Many times, family members will focus all their support to the adolescent with the disorder and consequently neglecting other members of the household, leading to resentment or feelings of rejection. Often parents will develop a sense of guilt or blame themselves, and wonder if they had a part to play in the development of the disorder. Research suggests that family boundaries are reevaluated when a family member is struggling with an anxiety disorder (Dikec, Ergun Gumus, 2018). For example, an adolescent with severe panic attacks is unlikely to care for themselves and other family members may in turn accumulate additional responsibilities in the home. When the change in responsibilities occur in an unnegotiated manner, this can cause strain in the form of stress, tension and further resentment (Dikec, Ergun Gumus, 2018). There are two common approaches families take to help cope when their adolescent develops anxiety: the overbearing, intrusive parent or the uninvolved, get over it parent. Very rarely does a supportive and empathetic family who is supportive of treatment come along. The majority of the time, families who are open to treatment usually identify as White American; they will seek treatment and expect the therapist to fix their child. These families are cooperative yet not involved in treatment. Contrary to the overbearing family, the get over it family, commonly linked to Hispanic Americans and African Americans, rejects the idea that the adolescent has developed the disorder and acknowledges the symptoms as a phase (Bettis et al., 2018). Evidence-Based Intervention There are numerous Evidenced-Based Interventions such as Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT), acceptance commitment therapy (ACT), and exposure therapy that help reduce symptoms of anxiety disorders. However, research has demonstrated that despite the newly integrated evidenced based practices, individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), has proven to be one of the most effective treatments not only in treating the symptoms but addressing the underlying reasons for the excessive fears (Sheets et al., 2013). Cognitive Behavioral Theory suggests that our cognition (how we think) affects how we feel and in turn affecting our behavior which then impacts our thoughts, creating a never-ending cycle if left unaddressed. The psycho-social intervention aims at addressing all three components to reduce the maladaptive behaviors the youth have engaged in to reduce their thoughts. CBT is individually tailored to the adolescents needs and can be utilized across cultures (Alegria, Atkins, Fa rmer, Slaton, Stelk, 2010). The long-established therapeutic approach is the most widely used treatment for individuals with anxiety disorders (Thompson, May, Whiting, 2013). Challenging cognitive distortions is CBTs key component in reducing maladaptive behaviors. The name itself suggest two vital elements: cognitive, which focuses on how negative thoughts induce anxiety, and behavioral which focuses on the behavior the youth engages in when in an anxious situation. Family upbringing, attitudes, individual expectations and beliefs all influence thoughts thus the same situation can lead to completely different cognitive distortions in different people. The main objective of CBT is to recognize thought distortions and challenge them, ultimately replacing them with accurate thoughts. This process is also known as cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring involves three key steps. The first step is to identify the pattern of negative thoughts. Once the negative thoughts are identified, the second step requires challenging the distortions by questioning the evidence which involves past experiences and weighing the pros and cons. Lastly, once the irrational thoughts are challenged the final step is to replace them with accurate and realistic thoughts. By changing the thought process, we can change the negative emotions associated with those thoughts and eventually reducing the avoidance behaviors (Young, et al, 2012). Although cognitive restructuring is a critical component, CBT improved emotional regulation by implementing mindfulness techniques and developing coping strategies that target anxious symptoms (Young et al., 2012). CBTs strengths lie within the therapeutic approachs ability to be researched and measured for effectiveness. Despite its structured sessions, its flexibility in approach allows for the evidenced based practice to be implemented across different cultures, races, ethnicities, social classes and identified gender. Its limitations focus on whether the negative thoughts are a result of the anxiety rather than the cause (Wong et al., 2018). Aside from the cause, the CBT approach is narrow minded as it concentrates on cognition and ignores other factors such as family influence (Wong et al., 2018). There are over four decades of research that provide support for the effectiveness of CBT among adolescent youth struggling with anxiety (Cohen, Mannarino, Deblinger, 2012). The extensive clinical studies all conclude that the integrative technique is the gold standard of treatment for mental health disorders. Meta-analysis conclude that CBT interventions have the lowest relapse rates of any psychological treatment. Even the new evidenced-based interventions designed to target anxiety are CBT based approaches (Cohen, Mannarino, Deblinger, 2012). Pedro Garcia Pedro, a 19-year-old identified male, was referred by his county clinician after developing symptoms of agoraphobia. Approximately 3 months ago, Pedros panic attacks increased from his normal frequency which resulted in an inability to work, inability to continue college and impaired his interpersonal relationships. Pedro received and ACE score of 9. Biological Despite the various physical examinations, Sebastians anxious symptoms are not linked to a physical illness. Pedro is physically healthy emerging adult with no history of illness aside from the occasional flu.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

The Picture of Dorian Gray Book Review

Oscar Wildes  only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) is a classic instance of the aestheticism of the late 19th centurys  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹English literature. The maxim of aestheticism art for arts sake is reflected in the opening of the novel, which specifies arts aim to reveal the art and conceal the artist. For greater emphasis, Wilde defines the artist as free of ethical sympathies and morbidity. Even books are seen as only well written or badly written and not as moral or amoral. Following this prelude on art and beauty, Wilde weaves a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹plot that explores the issue to its core. The plot of The Picture of Dorian Gray, if seen apart from the wit and epigrams of Lord Henry is serious and, at times, even somber. Dorian Gray is a young and handsome man whose well-off friend Lord Henry takes him to an art-loving painter, Basil Hallward. The painter makes a picture of Dorian Gray, a fascinating piece that makes Dorian wish to stop aging. His wish is fulfilled and the picture starts aging instead of young Dorian. The consequence is a disaster. Oscar Wilde has created an amusing tale that does not end very happily but ends beautifully with our easy-going Lord Henry still chirping. Style and Setting Anyone who has read dramatic fiction (Oscar Wilde in particular) will not find it hard to see the style of the storys narrative as closer to drama than a novel. Wilde is not obsessed with describing settings in detail as a novelist with a constructive bent would be. But the brevity of description is masterfully covered in the warm and witty conversations that fill most of the novel. The epigrams of Lord Henry shoot arrows of gentle satire on different elements of society. Women, America, faithfulness, stupidity, marriage, romance, humanity, and weather are just some of the numerous targets of Wildes criticism, which the readers receive from the sharp but sweet tongue of Lord Henry. The twittering lord is thus made an indelible  character for his ease of expression and his envied indifference. Yet, the author does not rely solely on spoken words to impart his impression. He describes some scenes in words that evoke a vivid image in the readers mind. Perhaps the best of these is Dorian Grays brief journey through the dark and filthy streets that stand in an obtrusive contrast to his luxurious entourage but which also bear a remarkable resemblance to the kind of life he has embraced. Characters in The Picture of Dorian Gray Like his stories and plays, Oscar Wilde does not employ many characters to run the story of his novel. Nearly the entire plot is nucleated around Dorian, Lord Henry, and the artist Basil. Minor characters like the Duchess of Harley serve the purpose of initiating or furthering topics that would ultimately be the butt of Lord Henrys repartees. The character description and motivation are again left mainly to the perceptual capacity of the readers. Wilde is always testing the aesthetics of his readers and the easier you go with his characters disposition, the greater insight you gain. Self-Love and the Vulnerability of Beauty The Picture of Dorian Gray addresses more than one theme. The primary appeal of the subject of beauty, as it appears to eyes, is the main focus of the novel. Wilde reveals the tenderness of self-love, or narcissism, which sometimes fails to find an object outside itself. Dorians beauty, unlike Basils art and Lord Henrys social status, is more vulnerable to decay with time. But it is not this weakness of beauty to age that brings the disaster upon our protagonist. It is the consciousness of the owner of beauty to his own wealth that triggers the boundless fear of perishing--fear that causes his doom. Unlike Lord Henrys ease about his rank, Dorians angst about the ephemeral nature of his beauty is shown as the true enemy of a persons self. The philosophical boundaries of Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray are too deep to track to their ends. The novel addresses the issue of self-concept as portrayed in art. Further, it connects a persons emotional response to his/her own image. While Dorian remains young and beautiful, the mere sight of an aging picture of him is unbearably painful. It would be too presumptuous to conclude that The Picture of Dorian Gray is a work of beauty with no moralistic purpose. Wilde was not a moralist (as many of us already know) and within the book, there is not much to emphasize a moral code or right conduct. But the novel, in its covert meaning, is not without a moral lesson. We can easily see that beauty is ephemeral and any attempt to deny this fact is amoral. It brings ruin as shows the case of Dorian Gray.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Effects of Exercise on Anxiety and Depression Essays

Critically Analyse the Research Findings on the Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Anxiety and Depression It has long been speculated that there is a relationship between exercise and it effects on anxiety and depression. However, it is not until recently that research has shown that exercise is associated with positive changes in mood and reductions in anxiety and depression. According to the Mental Health Victoria, depression is characterised by prolonged feelings of sadness, dejection and hopelessness and will affect one in four women and one in six men at some point in their lives. In the United States, anxiety disorders and depression are the most common mental health disorders costing the public $45 billion a year (Berger,†¦show more content†¦399). Investigations on the chronic effects of exercise have involved programs which last approximately 2-4 months consisting of two to four sessions per week. Most research on effects of acute exercise has focused on the reduction of state anxiety. Recent studies, (Focht Hausenblas, 2001; Ekkekakis, Hall Petruzzello, 1999) showed that aerobic exercise resulted in lowered state anxiety and higher tranquility scores. In addition to this, other research has revealed that moderate-intensity exercise produced the greatest positive effects in affective responses implying that the anxiety reduction following exercise occurs regardless of the intensity, duration or type of exercise (Berger, Pargman Weinberg, 2002, pp. 399-401). Raglin and Morgan (1987) found that state anxiety was reduced for 24 hours after the exercise bout, whereas participants in a control rest condition returned to baseline levels within 30 minutes (Berger, Pargman Weinberg, 2002, pp. 400). Although acute exercise is no more effective in decreasing state anxiety than quiet rest of distraction, the effects last longer. According to Breus and O’Connor (1998), the decrease in state anxiety after exercise lasted several hours, which was more than in the distraction and quiet rest groups. This implies that positive effects may be gained afte r a few weeks of training, but enduring effects may only be achieved through continuous exercise. There is a need to developShow MoreRelatedMusic Therapy And Depression922 Words   |  4 Pagessingle geographic area, which also restricts the applicability of the findings to other populations. Anxiety and depression can also be relieved through music therapy and muscle relaxation training exercise; nurses can supervise patients several times through deep muscle relaxation (McGregor Antoni, 2009) and through tension relaxation exercise which can cultivate their abilities to perform the exercise by themselves (Stuart and Laraia, 2008). Music therapy refers to the clinical and evidence-basedRead MoreEssay On Clinical Depression1487 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans suffer from clinical depression each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2017), 322 million people are affected by depression around the world. Concerning industrialized Western world countries, it remains as the number one psychological disorder affecting its population (WHO, 2017). Most clinicians begin primarily with prescribing either pharmacologic or psychotherapy interventions. With billions of dollars spent in revue on treating depression (Chisholm, Sweeny, and SheehanRead MoreThe Effects Of Kouk Sun On University Students With Anxiety Symptoms1737 Words   |  7 Pages, Stumpp, J., â€Å"Reduced emotional stress reactivity to a real-life academic examination stressor in students participating in a 20-week aerobic exercise training: A randomised controlled trial using Ambulatory Assessment† and Kim, J., Yang, H., Schroeppel, S. (2013), â€Å"A Pilot Study Examining the Effects of Kouk Sun Do on University Students with Anxiety Symptoms†. The assessment will look at the best appraisal that best suit the case study of Mariana who is a first year health sciences student atRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety876 Words   |  4 PagesNormal and Abnormal Anxiety Anxiety is a reaction to things that stress you. It is normal to have some anxiety at work, school, or home. It is when anxiety becomes a daily occurrence with no known cause that it is categorized as a disorder. Anxiety, panic, and depression often begin with normal stress that gets out of control. Hectic lifestyles lead to poor eating habits, less restful sleep, deficiencies in vitamins and minerals the body needs, and higher levels of stress. You don’t have to workRead MoreEssay The Many Benefits of Exercise1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lack of education about health and exercise. Exercise has a wide variety of positive effects on the body and mind that can be categorized into three main parts. Part one describes psychological benefits, including the influences exercise has on the mind and its functions, as well as the behavioral changes it presents. Part two explains the physical qualities that exercise can enhance. This effect incorporates the body as apposed to the mind. Exercise affects your overall body appearance andRead MoreWhat Is 22 Random Control Trials For Patients With Chemotherapy And Treatment?1000 Words   |  4 Pagesterms of a psychological approach, the trials also used anxiety levels as a factor in their exercise plans. Out of five trials, three demonstrated positive effects, while two showed no statistical significance. Again, these programs included walking based programs and telephone counseling interventions. (Schmitz et al., 2010) The next trials they examined patients after chemotherapy and radiation treatments ended. In terms of depression and anxiety, the results were mixed. Out of seven trials, threeRead MoreThe Effects Of Exercise On Body s Physical Condition1247 Words   |  5 Pages Exercise has been proven to have a positive effect on our body’s physical condition, but what about our minds? Mental exercise, too, is influential on our bodies to decrease our stress levels. Though, we know how important it is to do physical exercise and manage stress, yet still 42% of adults say they are not doing enough to manage their stress mentally (http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2014/highlights.aspx ). Research has shown stress puts detrimental effects to our bodies and well-beingRead MoreWhile Joe Was Watching Tv One Day Eating Doritos He Was1555 Words   |  7 Pagesare the benefits of exercise?† He then took the time to research. A lack of physical activity leads to muscular reduction, weight gain, loss of bone strength, organ failure, and it can lead to an elevated risk for the leading causes of death, such as heart related problems and diabetes (Davis). An inactive life is bad for the human body, and very detrimental to one s health and life style. On the contrary, many physical, mental, and health benefits come with exercise. Exercise has physical benefitsRead MoreThe Publics Interaction With Anxiety, Depression, And Its Treatment1587 Words   |  7 Pages The Publics Interaction with Anxiety, Depression, and its Treatment Elijah-Smith-Antonides Community College of Road Island General Psychology Traci A. Rossi December 5th, 2016 â€Æ' The Publics Interaction with Anxiety, Depression, and its Treatment The treatment of mental disorders has made a huge amount of progress since the original days of cutting open a person’s head and letting the demons leak out. It seems that depression and anxiety are on the rise these days demanding more attentionRead MoreExercise May Help Improve Your Mental Health By Helping The Brain Manage Better With Stress1205 Words   |  5 PagesExercise may help improve your mental health by helping the brain manage better with stress. Stress is just a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibrium. It is pretty much in our everyday life and we have to find a way to lower the stress. A stressful event can cause the â€Å"fight-or-flight† response, causing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol to rush through the body. A small amount of stress, known as â€Å"acute stress,† can be exciting because it keeps us active and

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Completeness free essay sample

Principles of supporting business events Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 3 pages and is made up of 3 Sections. Name:EVELIN ASSAFREI Section 1 – Understand how to support the organisation of a business event 1. When organising a business event, describe the range of support activities that may be required. There are a number of supporting activities that are required when organising a business event, such as; Organising a venue, Ensuring the event is well publicized, Appropriate space and licences are in place, Section 2 – Understand the purpose of displaying professional and helpful behaviour whilst supporting a business event and how to do so 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Completeness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Explain the purpose of displaying professional and helpful behaviour when supporting a business event. 2. Describe ways of exhibiting professional and helpful behaviour whilst supporting a business event. Section 3 – Understand how to deal with problems encountered when supporting a business event . What are the main types of problems that may occur when supporting a business event? You should include at least three different types of problems in your answer. 2. Identify possible solutions for each of the problems you have listed in Question 1 above. Once you have completed all 3 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.